As I sat in my social psychology class yesterday, something the professor said caught my attention. The lecture was on the psychology of conformity, and more specifically how being part of a group can influence an individual to act or think differently than that person might do if he or she were alone. In this way, conformity is not just acting or thinking as others do, but also involves a change in behavior or beliefs as a result of real or imagined group pressure.
I thought about the correlation this might have to showing, judging and the horse industry in general. Because the experience of showing horses revolves around the objective opinions of a select few, the effect of conformity on people in group settings might be a phenomenon worth taking a look at.
A person can publicly conform, or be compliant, which means that he or she publicly conforms to an expectation or request, but may still privately disagree. On the other hand, a person can privately conform and actually internalize or accept the beliefs of others as his or her own.
Many different experiments have been done that examine the psychology behind conformity, but one in particular I found to be very interesting. Solomon Asch did the study in 1951.
The basic setup involved seven people who sat together at a table and were shown 18 different cards. On each card there were four vertical lines of different lengths. One line was called the standard line and the other three were labeled A, B and C. The job of each person at the table was to pick whether the A, B or C line was the closest in length to the standard line. On each card the lengths of the lines changed, so on the first card the correct answer could be C and on the second card the correct answer could be A, and so on. The pictures on the cards were drawn so that the correct answer would be fairly obvious.
The experimenter would show the group the first card and starting with person number one, each person would give their answer in order, from person number one to person number seven. What the seventh person didn’t know is that the other six were in on the experiment. Before the experiment began, the six participants were instructed as to what answers they should give to what questions. On six of the eighteen cards they were told to give the correct answer. On the remaining twelve cards they were told to each give the same incorrect answer.
So, let’s say the correct answer to card number one was A, then each person would give their answers in order from person one to person seven. If written down it would look like this: correct answer- A #1-A, #2-A, #3-A, #4-A, #5-A, #6-A, #7-A. If by chance, card number two was one of those where the six people were instructed to give the wrong answer it might look like this: correct answer- B #1-C, #2-C, #3-C, #4-C, #5-C, #6-C, #7-?. Would the seventh person give the obvious correct answer of B, or the follow the group and give the incorrect answer of C?
The goal of this experiment was to see if someone would purposefully give the incorrect answer in order to conform to the group. The original predication was that the seventh person would always give the actual correct answer and never the incorrect one just to conform to the group. However, the actual results showed that 37% of the time the seventh person would go along with the other six people and purposefully give the incorrect answer.
It is important to remember that the cards were designed in such a way so that the answer would be pretty obvious, so it is safe to assume that the seventh person was well aware of the correct answer and just chose to give the wrong one. Now 37% may not seem like such a large number, but when the original prediction was that the seventh person would conform 0% of the time, the results are significant. Also, if you round 37% to 40% then one could say that almost half of the time the seventh person knowingly gave the incorrect answer to conform to the group.
To test whether or not the seventh person truly knew the correct answer, at the experiment’s end, the other six people would be dismissed and the seventh person would be asked to go through the 18 cards one more time. The seventh person gave the correct answer 100% of the time.
When asked later why they gave the wrong answers when they were in the group setting, the responses included, “I didn’t want to appear different,” and “I was worried about what others would think.”
I’m not sure if this is just me, but I found these results to be kind of shocking. To think that almost half of the time a person knowingly gave the wrong answer just to be like everyone else is a little disturbing.
Now granted, our system for judging horses is much more objective than the line length test, therefore determining the “correct answer” when placing a class would be much harder to pinpoint. However, it did give me a new perspective on how easily people can be influenced to make the wrong decision when they are in a group setting.
As a side note, experimenters noticed that people were much more likely to conform when the group had 3-4 people instead of 7. It kind of makes you wonder how this phenomenon might affect our “3-4 person” groups within the world of horse showing…
